What happens when a vault admin changes a UNIX root account password associated with a logon account?

When a vault admin changes a UNIX root account password associated with a logon account, the process typically involves using the privileges granted to the logon account to authenticate and perform the change. This is a common practice in environments that utilize privileged access management solutions.

The logon account has the necessary permissions to execute commands that can modify the root password, ensuring that the change is secure and recorded. By using the logon account to facilitate this action, it maintains a level of accountability and traceability, which is critical in managing privileged accounts to enhance security.

The other scenarios presented don't accurately reflect standard practices in UNIX systems. For instance, if an incorrect password change process were to occur, it would not automatically lead to the account being locked or allow direct root login without appropriate measures. Additionally, it's not the case that the password cannot be changed, as there are established protocols for doing so through authorized accounts.